Marine masonry construction.



H A. ICKE.

MARINE MASONRY CONSTRUCTION.v

APPLICATION FILED 1UNE22. 1911.

1 ,27 ,548 Patented Sept. 24, 1918.

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H. A. ICKE.

MARINE MASONRY CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION HLED JUNE 22, l9l7.

Patented Sept. 24, 1918.

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MARINE MASONRY CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 22.1911.

1 ,548. Patented Sept. 24, 1918.

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HENRY ARTHUR ICKE, OF VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA.

MARINE MASONRY CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept, 24 1918,

Application filed .Tune 22, 1917. Serial No. 176,339.-

Columbia and Dominion of Canada, have invented a new and Improved Marine Masonry Construction, of which the followin is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to marinemasonry construction of that character suitable for a water front bulkhead, quay wall, pier, cofferdam or retaining wall.

The invention has for its general objects to provide a structure which can be economically and easily constructed without unwatering the site or excavating for a foundation, and which is of such design as to possess suflicient elasticity as to prevent fracture or damage by the impact of bodies against it, or by unequal settling of its different parts, and which will yield to the impact thrust of vessels coming into contact with it by utilizing the passive resistance and the inertia of the earth filling to absorb the shock and resist the pressure due to the blows and external forces.

A more specific object of the invention is the provision of a structure forming a wall composed of a novel form and arrangement of reinforced concrete piles to which is anchored a'brace wall, in combination with a novel form of tie beam which unites the wall to an anchoring slab which is itself anchored on raking piles.

With such objects in view, and others which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention comprises various novel features of construction and arrangement of parts which will be set forth with particularity in the following description and claims appended hereto.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of the invention and wherein similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views,

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the ma sonry structure with the water shown at the high and low elevations; V

Fig. 2 isa plan view of the structure with a portion in section on the line 2 2, Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view of a seaside face of the structure Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the lower ends of the concrete piles to show the manner of their interlocking, the section being taken on the line 44, Fig. 5;

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the lower ends ofa plurality of piles in interlocking relation;

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view on the line 66, Fig. 1, to show the construction of the anchoring slab and the connection of the tie beam therewith; I

Fig. 7 is a vertical section on the line 7-7, Fig. 6, with the tie beam removed;

Fig. 8 is a section similar to the section, Fig. 7, showing a modified construction;

Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view of 1a modified form of concrete pile;

Fig. 10 is a horizontal section of a rigid joint between the brace wall and tie beam;

and

Fig. 11 is a detail view showing a follower tied to the top of a pilefor preparing the same to be driven into the ground.

Referring to .the drawing, A designates a sub-wall, B a superor brace wall, C the anchoring slabs, D the tie beams, E the fender piles and F the raking slab supporting piles. 1 V

The sub-wall A is made up of a plurality of concrete piles 1 which are preferably cruciform in cross-section, as shown in Fig. l or Fig. 9. The piles 1 are driven or otherwise set in the ground in such a manner that they collectively form a'sheet or wall. Oppositely disposed ribs or flanges 2 and 3 are formed respectively with a groove and tongue 4 and 5, the tongue of one pile entering the groove of the adjacent one. The transversely extending ribs or flanges 6 serve for strengthening by reason of their beam effect. All the ribs -0r flanges of the pile are strengthenedv by'metal reinforcing elements 7, and the middle of the pile is also strengthened by reinforcing elements 8. These reinforcing elements 7 and 8 project upwardly above the upper ends of the piles so as to form anchoring means between the brace wall B and the lower wall A. formed by the piles. The reinforcing elements may be used to holda follower 9 on topof a pile by suitable tie means 10, so that the blow of the hammer in driving the pile will be taken up by the follower. The piles constructed in the manner shown and described efiectively withstand the stresses induced in handling and driving and from the blows and pressure of vessels and waves and also to the pressure of the earth fill. The bracing wall is not pre-cast like the piles but is built up in suitable forms on top of the wall formed by the piles. 'lhe bracing wall I3 is strengthened by suitable reinforcing means 11, and along the top of the wall is a horizontal flange 12 projecting seaward to form a beam with which engage the upper ends of the fender piles which absorb the shock and sustain the stresses due to the blows and pressure of vessels. The bracing wall being integrally connected with the heads of the cruciform or star-shaped piles insures the bulkhead or masonry structure against distortion longitudinally.

The stiffened slabs O are arranged at suitable intervals on the land side of the wall, according to the nature of the latter and the pressures to be withstood. In the present instance each stiffened anchoring slab C is supported upon two or more pairs of raking piles driven into the ground at an inclination to the concrete piles 1. The piles F have their upper ends formed with notches 13 and in the notches of each row of piles sets a cap 1 1. Each slab is cast in asuitable mold and placed on the piles F, and on the under side of each slab C is an abutment or shoulder 15. Pockets or openings 16 are formed in the slabs so that c011 crete can be filled into these openings at points behind the caps 13, so as to compensate for any errors in the spacing or alinement of the raking piles with respect to the slab. In a more favorable ground the raking piles can be driven more accurately, so that instead of using the concrete packing 17 for each row of piles, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7, the packing at one cap is omitted and concrete wedges 19 are employed at the other set of piles, the wedges being driven between the cap 14L and the shoulder 15, Fig. 8. The area of the stiffened slabs and the number of raking piles per unit length of wall are functions of the unit w ight of fill above the slab and of the tensile stress of the tie beams D. In water front structures or wet ground the timber raking piles F and caps are used as herein shown, the piles being cut off near the low water plane so as to be always wet. In dry ground the raking piles and caps may be constructed of reinforced concrete. 1

Each tie beam D is 'a reinforced concrete member having lateral circular lugs 20 and 21 at opposite ends. The tie beam extends through an opening 22 in the brace wall B, and the lugs 20 engage in bearings 23 molded on the seaside face of the wall B. In the construction of the wall B the tie beams are mounted in proper position and the end that is intended to lie in the wall is coated with suitable material so that the concrete of the wall will not adhere thereto, and as a result the tie beam will behingedly connected with the wall. Wedges or tapering compressible packings 25 are fastened to the top and bot tom surfaces of the tie beam D where the recast-s same passes through. the wall B. When no appreciable settling is expected the end of the tie beam can be integrally connected with the bracing wall, as shown in Fig. 10, wherein the tie beam D is integrally connected at 26 with the bracing wall B. The land end of the tie beam D extends between two upwardly projecting cars 27 on' the slab 0, each car being formed with a semicircular bearing' or recess 28, as shown in Fig. 7, so that the hinge lugs 21 can engage in the said bearings, whereby the tie beam will be movably connected with the anchoring slab C. Obviously the tie beam is cast in a suitable form and has its lugs 20 and 21 strengthened by reinforces 29. The tie rod is easily connected with its associated anchoring slab C, since the interengaging parts are shaped to properly fit.

lhe connection between the anchoring slab C and tie beam D is such that the tie beam can slide landward on the anchoring slab when a vessel bumps against the wall and the anchoring slab is not affected.

lVhen the structure is employed as a bulkhead or retaining wall material can be ex cavated from in front and deposited at the back after the structure is built.

In soft ground it will be necessary to employ at least three rows of raking piles instead of the two shown in the drawings.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying draw ings, the advantages of the construction and method of operation will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention appertains, and while I have described the principle of operation, together with the structure which I now consider to be the best embodiment thereof, I desire to have it understood that the structure shown is merely illustrative and that such changes may be made when desired as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, 1 claim as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent:

1. A structure of the class described com prising a plurality of reinforced concrete piles set up in contact with each other, a brace wall built on the piles, a plurality of concrete horizontal anchor slabs stiffened to carry a vertical load, and concrete tie beams hingedly connecting the brace wall and hingedly and slidably connected with the anchor slabs.

2. The combination of a plurality of piles set with their edges interlocked, a wall laid on the upper ends of the piles, anchoring slabs on the land side of the said wall, and tie beams flexibly connected at their ends with the wall and anchoring slabs.

3. The combination of a plurality of piles set with their edges interlocked, a wall laid on the upper ends of the piles, anchoring slabs on the land side of the said wall, tie beams connected with the wall and slidably connected with the anchoring slabs, and raking piles supporting the said slabs to permit the wall to yield landward from its normal position and to prevent the wall from yielding seaward.

l. A pre-cast concrete'anchoring slab hav ing longitudinal beam-like stiifening flanges, and reinforcing elements embedded in the slab and flanges, the said flanges being formed with projections shaped to constitute a part of a hinge, in combination with a tie beam having an end shaped to interengage with the hinge-forming part of the anchoring slab.

5. The combination of a wall composed of a lower part made up of separately implanted sections and an upper part molded of plastic material on the said sections, spaced anchoring devices, tie-beams extending from the wall to the anchoring devices, and flexible joints between the ends of the tie beams and the wall and the anchoring devices.

6. A pre-cast anchoring slab having on its upper surface a plurality of longitudinal beam-like stiflening flanges, and reinforcing elements in the slab and flanges to carry a vertical load, said slab having projections or shoulders on its under surface for engagement with anchoring piles.

7. The, combination of a wall having a lower part in the ground, sets of raking piles driven in the ground, caps on the piles, a slab disposed over the piles and having pockets extending from the top to the bottom, and a filling of concrete in each pocket to form shoulders on the bottom of the slab with which the pile caps engage.

8. A slab having an opening extending therethrough and a projection at one side of the opening, a plurality of piles, a cap on the piles, and a body filling the opening and the space between the projection and the cap to form a support for the latter.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

9. The combination of a wall having a lower part made up of pre-cast piles and an upper part molded on the piles, a pre-cast anchoring slab, piles supporting the anchoring slab, and a pre-cast tie-beam hingedly and slidably connected with the anchoring slab and passing through and hingedly connected with the upper part of the said wall.

10. A pre-cast concrete anchoring slab having longitudinally extending beam-like reinforcing flanges on its upper surface and having transversely extending projections on its under surface and openings in the body of the slab in front of the projections, in combination with anchoring piles, cap pieces on the anchorin piles, and fillers in the openings and lying etween the said projections and cap pieces to correct'errors in the spacing or alinement of the anchoring piles with respect to the anchoring slab.

11. A pre-cast tie beam having a T-shaped end and reinforced to withstand longitudinal strains, in combination with a slab with which the T-end has a sliding and hinge con nection, and a wall to which the opposite end of the tie beam is fastened.

12. The combination of a plurality of piles of cruciform cross-section, separately implanted and consisting of reinforced concrete beam-like members having flanges projecting from their sides, juxtaposed flanges of adjacent piles being interlocked with each other, a wall laid on the upper ends of the piles and permanently connected rigidly therewith, re-cast reinforced concrete anchoring sla' s, pre-cast reinforced concrete tie beams connected by loose and sliding joints with the wall and anchoring slabs, sets of capped raking anchoring piles supporting the anchoring slabs, said sla'bs having projections on their under sidelocated behind the caps of the anchoring piles, and fillings of plastic concrete between the caps and projections. s

HENRY ARTHUR ICKE.

Washington, D. G. 

